![]() When the country reopened, it established relationships with the western countries which resulted in tremendous changes that took place in Japan, whose aim was now to become a modern industrialised country. Then Japan became dominated by military rulers and from the seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century the country remained in isolation from the outside world. From the eighth to the twelfth century a great Japanese civilization developed, first at Nara then at Heian which is now Kyoto. In the fourth and fifth centuries, when Yamato was the ruler, there were first attempts to unify the country. The changes included Buddhism, Chinese writing system and various artistic forms that came from the continent. In the early centuries AD significant changes occurred in Japan due to the country contacts with China and Korea. Japan has been inhabited by people for tens of thousands of years however it is the first century BC when Japan's recorded history began. The highest peak is Mount Fuji at an elevation of 12,388 feet (3,776 metres), which is among Japan's many active and dormant volcanoes. Mountains comprise more than four-fifths of Japan's surface. Most of Japanese landscape is mountainous and rugged. Japan is separated from China by the East China Sea and to the east and south it is bounded by the Pacific. The north-eastern boundary of Japan is the southern Kuril Islands. To the north, the country is bounded by La Perouse (Soya) Strait which separates it from Russian Sakhalin Island, and by the Sea of Okhotsk. Japan is separated from the eastern shores of North and South Korea and south-eastern Siberia by the Sea of Japan. The motto of the country is "peace and progress". Japanese national emblem is the Imperial Seal and the anthem is called "Kimi Ga Yo". The capital city of Japan is Tokyo (Tky) which is considered one of the most populous cities in the world. Japan is among the most densely populated countries in the world and its population, mostly ethnically homogeneous, was 128,085,000 in 2005. The area of the country is 377,835 sq km. Among many smaller islands there are the Ryukyu (Nansei) Islands which include the island of Okinawa, the Izu, Bonin (Ogsawara), and Volcano (Kazan). Japan consists of over 3,000 islands, among which Hokkaido (Hokkaid), Honshu (Honsh), Shikoku, and Kyushu (Kysh) are the largest. It lies east of China and Korea and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. Japan, called in Japanese Nihon or Nippon, is an island country situated in the Pacific Ocean, off the east coast of Asia.
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